12. Rural Life and Society
Q 1. Who, When and where started Permanent System?
Ans.
Lord Cornwallis started Permanent
Settlement in Bengal in 1793 AD.
Q 2. Who when and where
introduced Rayatwari system?
Ans. The British officer Thomas Munro started Rayatwari System in Madras and Mumbai in 1820
AD.
Q 3. In which three areas Mahalwari System was
implemented?
Ans.
In Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and some territories of Madhya Pradesh.
Q 4. How the commercialization of agriculture started?
Ans. After the establishment of the British
rule in India the farmers
had to pay fixed land revenue on fixed time. So, farmers started
growing crops to sell in the market to get maximum
money. Thus, there
started the commercialization of agriculture.
Q 5. Which
were the commercial crops?
Ans.
Wheat, cotton, oil seeds, sugarcane, jute etc.
Q 6. Mention two benefits of commercialization of
agriculture.
Ans.
1. Many new type of crops were grown and income
of farmers increased.
2. Means of transportation
were developed. Therefore, the farmers could easily reach the market.
Q 7. Mention two losses of commercialization of
agriculture.
Ans. 1. The farmers used to cultivate through
traditional means. But, in the market they had to compete with
the America, Australia and European crops. That's why the farmers could not
be benefited more.
2. The farmers
had to sell their crops through money lenders, who did not give
full value of their crops.
(A) Answer the
following questions:
1. Who when and where, started permanent system?
2. Who when and where introduced Ryatwari system?
3. In which three areas Mahalwari system implemented?
4. How the commercialization of agriculture started?
5. Which were the commercial crops?
6. Mention two benefits of commercialization of
agriculture.
7. Mention two losses of commercialization of
agriculture.
8. What was
permanent settlement, What were the economic effects of this system?
9. Write a
short note on commercialization of agriculture. 10. Write a note on
Indigo-revolt.
11. Write a short note on mahalwari system. 12. Write
down the benefits of ryatwari system.
(B) Fill in the
Blanks:
1. The contractors------ the farmers.
2. The --- became land owners due to Permanent
Settlement.
3. Zimidars committed --- with the farmers.
4. ------was
the main occupation of the Indians before the British rule.
(C) Match the
Words:
(A) (B)
1. Waran Hastings Permanent Settlement
2. Lord Cornwallis Ryatwari System
3. Thomas Munro Permanent
Settlement
ACTIVETY
Dear students! When the commercialization of agriculture
was done then give more benefit to the farmers, to remove the shortcomings in
it, which demands could have been put by the Indian farmer before the
Britishers ? Discuss it with any farmer or your parents and collect then
suggestions.
(D).Write 'True'
or `False' in the brackets given after each statement:
1. Due to British rule self-sufficiency of the village
economy got much benefit in India.
2. Mahalwari System was made with whole community of
the village. CD
3. The Britishers implemented sale rule according the
Permanent Settlement in Bengal.
