Conservation of Plants and Animals
Question 1.
Fill in the blanks.
(a) A place where animals are protected in their natural habitat is called
______
(b) Species found only in a particular area is known as ______
(c) Migratory birds fly to faraway places because of ________ changes.
Answer:
(a) Wildlife sanctuary
(b) endemic species
(c) climatic
Question 2.
Differentiate between the following.
(a) Wildlife sanctuary and biosphere reserve
|
Wildlife sanctuary |
Biosphere reserve |
|
The
area reserved in a forest for the protection of wild animals. |
The
area meant for the protection or conservation of the biodiversity. It also
helps in maintaining the culture of that area. |
(b) Zoo and wildlife sanctuary
|
Zoo |
Wildlife sanctuary |
|
A
place where animals are protected in an artificial habitat, for an
exhibition. |
A
protected area where animals live in their natural habitat. |
(c) Endangered and Extinct species
|
Endangered species |
Extinct species |
|
The
species of animals whose numbers are diminishing to such a level that they
might face extinction. |
The
species of animals whose number is zero because of changes in their habitat
and other calamities. |
(d) Flora and Fauna
|
Flora |
Fauna |
|
The
plants which are found in a particular area; e.g.Jamun, sal, etc. |
The
animals which are found in a particular area; e.g., leopard, cheetah,
elephant, etc. |
Question 3.
Discuss the effects of deforestation on the following:
(a) Wild animals
(b) Environment
(c) Villages (Rural areas)
(d) Cities (Urban areas)
(e) Earth
(f) The next generation
Answer:
(a) Wild animals: Trees are the habitats as well as sources of food for the
wild animals. Deforestation leads to the destruction of the natural habitats of
wild animals.
(b) Environment: Deforestation increases the temperature and
pollution level of the environment. With the increase in the carbon dioxide
level and a decrease in the oxygen level, it gives rise to global warming. It
also lowers the level of ground water. Moreover, deforestation decreases the
soil fertility and so, increases the chances of natural calamities.
(c) Villages (Rural areas): The decline in rainfall, the
decrease in soil fertility, and the chances of natural disaster affect the
village life.
(d) Cities (Urban areas): Deforestation result in global
warming. It also results in the increase in the level of pollution. Hence,
deforestation affects the life in cities.
(e) Earth: Deforestation decreases the fertility of soil. It
changes the physical properties of soil. All these changes result in desertification.
(f) The next generation: Deforestation will majorly affect
the life of next generation. The next generation will face problems at every
step. Climatic conditions will be adversely affected. There will be scarcity of
food and clean environment. Next generation won’t be able to see most of the
animal species due to habitat loss.
Question 4.
What will happen if
1.
we go on cutting
trees
2.
the habitat of an
animal is disturbed.
3.
the top layer of soil
is exposed.
Answer:
1.
If we go on cutting trees, then:
o
the temperature will increase to a greater extent.
o
the chances of natural disaster to occur will increase.
o
the water cycle will get disturbed.
2.
If the habitat of an animal is disturbed, then:
o
the animals will lose their natural habitat and will reach
the level of being endangered.
o
most of the animals may be forced to invade places meant for
human living in search of food and shelter.
3.
If the top layer of soil is exposed, then:
o
the exposed layer will lose all its nutrients, especially
the hummus.
o
the water holding capacity of soil will decrease.
o
desertification will take place.
Question 5.
Answer in brief.
1.
Why should we
conserve biodiversity?
2.
Protected forests are
also not completely safe for wild animals. Why?
3.
Some tribals depend
on the jungle. How?
4.
What are the causes
and consequences of deforestation?
5.
What is Red Data
Book?
6.
What do you
understand by the term migration?
Answer:
1.
The variety in life existing on the earth, their
inter-relationships, and their relationships with the environment is referred
to as biodiversity. We should conserve biodiversity so as to maintain the food
chain. The disturbance in the food chain may affect the whole ecosystem.
2.
Since capturing and killing of animals by poachers is still
rampant in protected forests and areas, so they are not safe for wild animals.
3.
Some tribes depend on the jungle for the fulfillment of
their basic needs of life, such as food, medicine, clothing, shelter, etc.
4.
The causes of deforestation may be the following:
o
Natural causes like forest fires, droughts, etc.
o
Building factories and houses.
o
Procuring land for cultivation.
o
Making furniture and using wood as fuel.
The consequences of deforestation are:
o
Natural calamities like floods, etc.
o
Increase in the temperature of the earth, i.e., global
warming.
o
Change in the physical properties of soil.
o
A decrease in groundwater level.
o
Extinction of many flora and fauna.
5.
Red Data Book is a sourcebook which keeps records of all
endangered plants and animals.
6.
Migration means the movement of a species from its own
habitat to some other place during a certain period in a year for breeding or
to overcome some climatic conditions.
Question 6.
In order to meet the ever-increasing demand in factories and for shelter, trees
are being continually cut. Is it justified to cut trees for such projects?
Discuss and prepare a brief report.
Answer:
It’s not justified to cut trees just to fulfill our needs. Trees are known as
‘the lung of the earth’. They are the habitat of many living organisms,
including animals. They give us oxygen, and maintain the O2-CO2
balance as well. They firmly bind the soil and hence prevent soil erosion. They
also reduce the chances of natural disasters like floods and droughts. They
help conserve our rich biodiversity. The cutting of trees causes an increase in
the carbon dioxide (CO2) level, which results in global warming.
Moreover, it causes soil erosion, floods, the greenhouse effect, etc. Hence,
trees must be protected.
Question 7.
How can you contribute to the maintenance of green wealth of your locality? Make
a list of actions to be taken by you.
Answer:
By taking up the following actions, I can contribute to the maintenance of
green wealth of my locality by:
- Planting
saplings and trees.
- Not
throwing the garbage on the streets.
- Forbidding
others to cut trees.
- Making
people aware of the significance of a clean and green environment.
- Watering
the plants regularly and taking proper care of them.
- Reusing
and recycling paper to save trees, energy, and water.
Question 8.
Explain how deforestation leads to reduced rainfall.
Answer:
Trees give out a huge amount of water in the form of water vapour during
transpiration. The reduction of water vapour affects cloud formation and thus,
results in less rainfall.
Question 9.
Find out about national parks in your state. Identify and show their location
on the outline map of India.
Answer:
Consider the map given below:
Question 10.
Why should paper be saved? Prepare a list of ways by which you can save paper.
Answer:
A large number of trees can be saved by saving paper. This will also save water
that is used to manufacture paper. Moreover, the harmful chemicals used in
papermaking will show their least effects on human beings and other organisms.
Some ways to save paper are the following:
- recycling
of paper.
- economical
use of paper.
- paper
should not be burnt.
Question 11.
Complete the word puzzle.
Down
1. Species on the verge of extinction.
2. A book carrying information about endangered species.
5. Consequence of deforestation.
Across
1. Species which have vanished.
3. Species found only in a particular habitat.
4. Variety of plants, animals and microorganisms found in an area.
Solution:
